It’s complicated like one might argue fascism started in Italy as a response to the growing popularity of communism in the late 1910’s, but all the ingredients already existed in colonial projects, racism etc.
I also don’t think US history can be reduced to just proto-fascism either when there have been emancipatory wars and struggles as well. The civil rights movement is just as much part of US history as chattel slavery and the genocide of the indigenous.
It’s complicated like one might argue fascism started in Italy as a response to the growing popularity of communism in the late 1910’s, but all the ingredients already existed in colonial projects, racism etc.
I also don’t think US history can be reduced to just proto-fascism either when there have been emancipatory wars and struggles as well. The civil rights movement is just as much part of US history as chattel slavery and the genocide of the indigenous.